Heat extra virgin olive oil in a large pot over medium heat and then add in the diced carrots, onions, and celery. Sauté them all for 5-7 minutes until the vegetables begin to soften.
Stir in fresh garlic, Italian seasoning, tomato paste, red pepper flakes (if using), salt, and black pepper. Cook for another minute until fragrant.
Pour in the broth and add the drained beans. Stir the ingredients to combine, and bring the soup to a gentle simmer.
Reduce the heat to low, cover, and let the soup simmer for 20 minutes. This allows the flavors to meld together.
Stir in the chopped kale and let the soup cook for 5 more minutes until the kale is tender. Add the grated Parmesan cheese and combine.
If desired, stir in the lemon juice and adjust the seasoning to taste.
Ladle the soup into bowls, topping with extra Parmesan and fresh parsley if desired.